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plastic pollution
Plastic pollution involves the accumulation of plastic products in the environment that adversely affects wildlife, wildlife habitat, or humans.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Plastic pollution )〕 Plastics that act as pollutants are categorized into micro-, meso-, or macrodebris, based on size. The prominence of plastic pollution is correlated with plastics being inexpensive and durable, which lends to high levels of plastics used by humans.〔Hester, Ronald E.; Harrison, R. M. (editors) (2011). (Marine Pollution and Human Health ). Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 84-85. ISBN 184973240X〕 However, it is slow to degrade. Plastic pollution can unfavorably affect lands, waterways and oceans. Living organisms, particularly marine animals, can also be affected through entanglement, direct ingestion of plastic waste, or through exposure to chemicals within plastics that cause interruptions in biological functions. Humans are also affected by plastic pollution, such as through the disruption of the thyroid hormone axis or hormone levels.〔 Plastic reduction efforts have occurred in some areas in attempts to reduce plastic consumption and pollution and promote plastic recycling.
==Types of plastic debris==
There are three major forms of plastic that contribute to plastic pollution: microplastics as well as mega- and macro-plastics. Mega- and microplastics have accumulated in highest densities in the Northern Hemisphere, concentrated around urban centers and water fronts. They are less likely to be found around remote islands and the continental shelf seabed. Both mega- and macro-plastics are found in packaging, footwear, and other domestic items that have been washed off of ships or discarded in landfills. Fishing-related items are more likely to be found around remote islands.〔 These may also be referred to as micro-, meso-, and macrodebris.
Plastic debris is categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary plastics are in their original form when collected. Examples of these would be bottle caps, cigarette butts, and microbeads. Secondary plastics, on the other hand, account for smaller plastics that have resulted from the degradation of primary plastics.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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